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AIM:
To understand the fundamental power system operations carried out in PSCAD.
THEORY
PSCAD (Power Systems CAD) is a powerful and flexible graphical user interface to the world-renowned, EMTDC solution engine. PSCAD enables the user to schematically construct a circuit, run a simulation, analyze the results, and manage the data in a completely integrated, graphical environment. Online plotting functions, controls and meters are also included, so that the user can alter system parameters during a simulation run, and view the results directly.
PSCAD comes complete with a library of pre-programmed and tested models, ranging from simple passive elements and control functions, to more complex models, such as electric machines, FACTS devices, transmission lines and cables. If a particular model does not exist, PSCAD provides the flexibility of building custom models, either by assembling them graphically using existing models, or by utilizing an intuitively designed Design Editor.
The following are some common models found in systems studied using PSCAD:
1. Resistors, inductors, capacitors
2. Mutually coupled windings, such as transformers
3. Frequency dependent transmission lines and cables (including the most accurate time domain line model in the world!)
4. Current and voltage sources.
5. Switches and breakers.
6. Protection and relaying
7. Diodes, thyristors and GTOs
8. Analog and digital control functions
9. AC and DC machines, exciters, governors, stabilizers and inertial
Models
10. Meters and measuring functions
11. Generic DC and AC controls
12. HVDC, SVC, and other FACTS controllers
13. Wind source, turbines and governors
PSCAD, and its simulation engine EMTDC, have enjoyed close to 30 years of development, inspired by ideas and suggestions by its ever strengthening, worldwide user base. This development philosophy has helped to establish PSCAD as one of the most powerful and intuitive CAD software packages available.
Typical PSCAD Studies
The PSCAD users' spectrum includes engineers and scientists from utilities, manufacturers, consultants, research and academic institutions. It is used in planning, operation, design, commissioning, preparing of tender specifications, teaching and research. The following are examples of types of studies routinely conducted using PSCAD,
1. Contingency studies of AC networks consisting of rotating machines, exciters, governors, turbines, transformers, transmission lines, cables, and loads
2. Relay coordination
3. Transformer saturation effects
4. Insulation coordination of transformers, breakers and arrestors
5. Impulse testing of transformers
6. Sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) studies of networks with machines, transmission lines and HVDC systems
7. Evaluation of filter design and harmonic analysis
8. Control system design and coordination of FACTS and HVDC; including STATCOM, VSC, and cycloconverters
9. Optimal design of controller parameters
10. Investigation of new circuit and control concepts
11. Lightning strikes, faults or breaker operations.
12. Steep front and fast front studies.
13. Investigate the pulsing effects of diesel engines and wind turbines on electric networks.
Single phase voltage divider using PSCAD
RESULT:
The voltage divider circuit, a fundamental operation was carried out in PSCAD.